34th Conference on
Our World in Concrete & Structures
OWICS 2009 Conference Advisor
Mr David Ball, UK; Dr O Wallevik, Iceland; Dr R Sakurada, Japan;
Mr Desmond King, UK; Prof V Ramakrishnan, USA; Dr C C Chang, USA;
Prof P Prochazka, Czech Rep.; Prof M C Tandon, India; Mr R Sundaram, India;
Prof K Carter, USA; Prof Issam Harik, USA; Prof H Wallbaum, Switzerland;
Prof N Otsuki, Japan; Prof M H Zhang, Singapore; Prof Mario Collepardi, Italy;
Mr Michael Khrapko, New Zealand; Mr Chung-Ming Ho, Taiwan
OWICS 2009 Conference Committee
Conference Chairman: A/Prof Gary K C Ong, NUS, Singapore
Co-ordinator: Mr Yogesh Chhabra, Novaars International Pte Ltd
Director: Er John S Y Tan
Secretary: Ms Peggy L P Teo, CONLOG
IT Manager: Ms Amanda Quek, Singapore
The OWICS Steering Council
OWICS Honorary Emeritus Chairmen
Em Prof S L Lee, Singapore
Dr C T Tam, Singapore
OWICS Honorary Chairmen
Prof Franco Mola, Italy
Prof G M Sabnis, USA
Prof Shoji Ikeda, Japan
Mr C R Alimchandani, India
Mr Chris Stanley, UAE
OWICS Advisors
Yukio Aoyagi, Japan
Ken Day, Australia
Willie Kay, Singapore
Robert G Lee, USA
Hoe-Peng Lim, Singapore
Steven Loh, Singapore
Kiat-Huat Seow, Singapore
Teng-Hooi Tan, Singapore
OWICS Corporate Advisors
W R Grace Singapore Pte Ltd
BASF South East Asia Pte Ltd
OWICS Organisation Advisors
Ready-Mixed Concrete Association of Singapore
American Concrete Institute-Singapore Chapter
Singapore Concrete Institute
Prestressed & Precast Concrete Society
Cement and Concrete Association of Singapore
Japan Concrete Institute
Indian Concrete Institute
Proceedings of the 34th Conference on
OUR WORLD IN CONCRETE & STRUCTURES
16- 18 August 2009, Singapore
Theme: "GREEN CONCRETE"
VOLUME XXVIII (2009): ISBN: 978-981-08-3243-8
Conference Secretariat
CI-PREMIER PTE LTD
150 Orchard Road #07-14, Orchard Plaza, Singapore 238841
Tel: (065) 67332922 Fax: (065) 62353530
Web: http://www.cipremier.com
Editors
Dr C T Tam (OWICS)
Prof. KeG Ong (NUS)
Dr S Teng (NTU)
Dr M H Zhang (NUS)
With support of:
• The Hong Kong Concrete Repair Association
• Association of Czech Concrete Engineers
• The New Zealand Concrete Society
Conference Co-sponsor:
• BASF South East Asia Pte Ltd
Support Publication:
• Concrete Technology Today
Orgeniser:
• CI-Premier Conference Organisation, Singapore
